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PhD Student · Computer Science · EPFL

Yusuf Kesmen

I study how language models reason
through medical conversations.

Medical Reasoning Conversational AI Post-training
Blog
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01 · About

Background


Yusuf Kesmen
Location Lausanne, CH
Languages TR · EN · AR
Program EDIC PhD

I am a PhD student in Computer Science at EPFL, working in the LiGHT Lab with Prof. Mary-Anne Hartley. My doctoral studies are supported by the EDIC Fellowship and the EPFL AI Center PhD Fellowship.

I graduated first in my class from Bilkent University's Computer Science program with a GPA of 3.96/4.00. Before joining LiGHT, I worked on diagnostic reasoning at EPFL's IMOS Lab and on RNA generation for drug discovery at Bilkent.

Outside computer science, I am interested in philosophy and economics, particularly how people form beliefs and make decisions under uncertainty.

Education

PhD in Computer Science, EPFL

School of Computer and Communication Sciences (IC) · Sep 2025 — Present

EDIC Fellowship · EPFL AI Center PhD Fellowship

BSc in Computer Science, Bilkent University

Ankara, Turkey · Sep 2021 — Jun 2025

GPA 3.96/4.00 · Valedictorian

Download CV
02 · Research

Current Focus


I study how language models gather information and make medical decisions through conversation. My work examines how they track possible diagnoses, respond to new evidence, and decide whether to ask another question or give an answer.

Medical reasoning through conversation

Understanding where models lose track of evidence or overlook coexisting conditions, and developing methods that help them maintain and revise diagnostic hypotheses.

Training for clinical reasoning

Improving how models ask questions, use clinical evidence, and recognise uncertainty through supervised learning and reinforcement learning.

Structured inference

Combining language models with probabilistic reasoning, search, and verification to make clinical decisions easier to inspect and evaluate.

03 · Papers

Publications


Preprint

CLIMB: A Clinical Multimorbidity Benchmark for Diagnosing Co-occurring Conditions through Multiturn Conversations

Y. Kesmen, A. Mukherjee†, Y. Chang†, D. Sasu, T. Brokowski, A. Kulinkina, K. Keitel, A. Arora‡, L. Klein‡, M.-A. Hartley‡

† Equal contribution · ‡ Equal supervision

arXiv:2609.35462 · Sep 2026
Accepted

MoBayes: A Modular Bayesian Framework for Separating Reasoning from Language in Conversational Clinical Decision Support

Y. Kesmen, F. Elhassan, J. Ma, J. Stalhandske, Y. Chang, D. Sasu, A. Kulinkina, A. Arora, L. Klein, M.-A. Hartley

NeurIPS 2026 (Poster) · arXiv:2604.20022
Published

From Physics to Machine Learning and Back: Part II — Learning and Observational Bias in PHM

O. Fink, I. Nejjar, V. Sharma, K. Faghih Niresi, H. Sun, H. Dong, C. Xu, A. Wei, A. Bizzi, R. Theiler, Y. Tian, L. Von Krannichfeldt, Z. Ma, S. Garmaev, Z. Zhang, M. Zhao, K. Steiner, Y. Kesmen

Contributed the reinforcement learning section.

Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 274 (2026) 112376 · Feb 2026
Preprint

Effective Communications in the Goal-Oriented Semantic Signal Processing Framework: A Case Study in Cooperative Driving

Y. Kesmen*, Y. Küçük*, M. Kalfa, O. Arıkan

* Equal Contribution
04 · Experience

Research and Industry


Research Experience

Feb 2026 — Present

Doctoral Researcher

LiGHT Lab — EPFL · Prof. Mary-Anne Hartley

Developing methods for medical reasoning through conversation, with explicit tracking of diagnostic beliefs and selection of follow-up questions. Building benchmarks for diagnosing coexisting conditions and working on post-training for Meditron and Apertus.

Sep 2025 — Jan 2026

Doctoral Researcher

IMOS Lab — EPFL · Prof. Olga Fink

Built a diagnostic agent that tracks fault hypotheses and updates their likelihood as evidence arrives. Also worked on mechanical bit readout using inverse dynamic programming.

Feb 2024 — Jun 2025

Undergraduate Researcher

CICEKLAB — Bilkent University · Prof. A. Ercüment Çiçek

Trained models to generate RNA sequences conditioned on target proteins. Used reinforcement learning to optimise predicted binding affinity and evaluated sequence properties and stability.

Feb 2023 — Jun 2025

Undergraduate Researcher

Semantic Communication Group — Bilkent University · Prof. Orhan Arıkan

Worked on wireless bandwidth allocation and semantic communication for cooperative driving in collaboration with Huawei Ottawa. Developed reinforcement learning methods and evaluated them in CARLA simulations.

Industrial Experience

Jan 2025 — Jul 2025

AI Engineer

ROKETSAN

Built LLM agents for situational awareness in simulated scenarios, document retrieval, and research report generation.

Jul 2024 — Aug 2024

NLP Intern

Digital Transformation Office — Presidency of Turkey

Designed an LLM-based pipeline for internal data leak detection using Llama 3 and DeepSeekCoder v2. Fine-tuned RoBERTa for sentiment analysis and developed a T5-based text summarisation pipeline.

Feb 2024 — Jun 2024

Candidate Engineer

ASELSAN — MGEO Elektrooptic

Developed camera system applications and worked on communication obfuscation in the electro-optic systems division.

Jun 2023 — Aug 2023

AI Research Intern

Huawei

Built traffic simulations in CARLA and trained a Deep Q-Network for autonomous vehicle control.

07 · Awards

Honors & Scholarships


2026

EPFL AI Center PhD Fellowship

Doctoral research supported by the EPFL AI Center

2025

EPFL Fellowship

EDIC Doctoral Program admission with full fellowship

2025

CS Valedictorian

First in the Computer Science graduating class at Bilkent

2025

Best Data Science Project

Variant-Net Search Engine · Bilkent CS492

2024

1st Place · Amazon University Engagement

Rubber Duck AI · $4,000 scholarship

2024

ALES National Rank 28

Among 139,565 candidates in the graduate entrance exam

2021

Bilkent Full Scholarship

Comprehensive scholarship for academic excellence (2021–2025)

2021, 2022

YKS National Top 100

Quantitative track in 2021 and verbal track in 2022

08 · Leadership

Community & Service


2023 — 2025

Bilkent AI Society — Co-Founder & General Secretary

Co-founded and led a 500+ member student society. Secured partnerships with NVIDIA and Notion. Hosted speaker events featuring researchers from OpenAI, Google, and Meta.

2023

180 Degrees Consulting — Bilkent

Provided pro bono consulting for AÇEV, the Mother Child Education Foundation, through the Bilkent branch of 180 Degrees Consulting.

10 · Contact

Get in Touch


Research and student projects

I welcome conversations about medical reasoning, language models, and research collaborations. Email is the best way to reach me.

I am also open to supervising semester projects and BSc or MSc theses. If you are interested, send a short introduction with your background, the questions you would like to work on, and any relevant projects.

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